Data sources
Singapore's headline figures are NEA's official data; fires come from NASA FIRMS; trend, weather and the map colour field come from CAMS and Open-Meteo models and are always labelled as non-official.
NEA 1-hour PM2.5 readings (Singapore)
National Environment Agency (NEA), Singapore
The official hourly concentration of fine particles (PM2.5, µg/m³) for Singapore's five regions, published by NEA. It is the reading most sports organisers and schools use for same-day decisions.
NEA 24-hour PSI (Singapore)
National Environment Agency (NEA), Singapore
The Pollutant Standards Index: a 24-hour rolling index combining six pollutants. NEA uses it for health advice about the next day, rather than for deciding the next hour.
haze.gov.sg regional haze situation and outlook
NEA, drawing on the ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre
A short daily text on the regional hotspot and smoke-haze situation plus a multi-day weather and haze outlook, shown on haze.gov.sg.
ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre (ASMC)
ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre, hosted by the Meteorological Service Singapore
The regional centre that monitors hotspots and smoke haze across ASEAN and issues haze outlooks and alerts. Its analyses are the basis of the regional situation text on haze.gov.sg.
NASA FIRMS active-fire detections (VIIRS)
NASA Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS)
Near-real-time satellite detections of active fires from the VIIRS instrument on the Suomi-NPP satellite. Each dot is a thermal anomaly, not a confirmed fire or its cause.
CAMS PM2.5 model via Open-Meteo
Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (ECMWF); served by Open-Meteo
A global atmospheric model that estimates PM2.5 everywhere and forecasts it for the next days. It is a model estimate, not a measurement, and in this region it usually reads well below ground stations during heavy haze.
Open-Meteo weather forecast
Open-Meteo (national weather services and ECMWF models)
Free weather data used for visibility, wind, rain probability, temperature, humidity, UV, sunrise and sunset, and for wind at about 1.5 km altitude, which is where smoke is usually carried.
Malaysia DOE APIMS / MyJAS
Department of Environment Malaysia (DOE)
Malaysia's official Air Pollutant Index (API) reported hourly for about 68 stations, shown in the DOE's APIMS and the MyJAS app. It uses Malaysia's own API scale, which differs from the US AQI used by many apps.
data.gov.sg real-time API
Government Technology Agency of Singapore (GovTech)
Singapore's open-data platform. NEA's PM2.5 and PSI readings are served from it as JSON, including hourly history by date.
RainViewer radar tiles
RainViewer
Composite weather-radar imagery used as an optional rain layer on the haze map, to see where rain is falling now.